Graphical Abstract

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Kubota, H., K. Yoneyama, J.-I. Hamada, P. Wu, A. Sudaryanto, and I. B. Wahyono, 2015: Role of maritime continent convection during the preconditioning stage of the Madden-Julian Oscillation observed in CINDY 2011/DYNAMO. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 93A, 101-114.
https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2015-050   Graphical Abstract with highlights

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Highlights:

• The role of Sumatra Island convection over the maritime continent during the preconditioning stage of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) was investigated using intensive observation data of CINDY2011/DYNAMO and HARIMAU2011.
• Convection was activated over Sumatra Island with diurnal cycle associated with the moist air mass which was originated from a tropical depression generated in South China Sea during the preconditioning stage of the MJO in December 2011 (Fig. 3). Then, two-day period disturbances that propagated westward to the central Indian Ocean were coupled with diurnal cycle of convection over Sumatra Island (Fig. 7).
• When the westward propagating disturbances arrived over the central Indian Ocean, low-level moisture advection was excited associated with westward propagating inertio-gravity waves and moistening was promoted in Gan Island over the central Indian Ocean with a two-day period. After the favorable condition of large-scale convection was established, the MJO was activated in the central Indian Ocean.