Graphical Abstract

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Misumi, R., Y. Uji, Y. Tobo, K. Miura, J. Uetake, Y. Iwamoto, T. Maesaka, and K. Iwanami, 2018: Characteristics of droplet size distributions in low-level stratiform clouds observed from Tokyo Skytree. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 96, 405-413.
https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2018-040   Graphical Abstract with highlights

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Highlights:

• Continuous observations of cloud droplet size distributions in low-level stratiform clouds have been conducted at a height of 458 m from Tokyo Skytree (Fig. 1; a 634-m-high broadcasting tower in Tokyo) using a cloud droplet spectrometer.
• The mean cloud droplet number concentration (N_c), average diameters, and effective diameters of cloud droplets in non-drizzling clouds were 213 cm⁻³, 7.3 μm, and 9.5 μm, respectively, which are close to the reported values for continental stratiform clouds.
• The relationship between liquid water content (LWC; g m⁻³), N_c (cm⁻³), and radar reflectivity (Z; mm⁶ m⁻³) was estimated as LWC = 0.17N_c^0.50Z^0.45, with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.93 (Fig. 2a).
• The Z-LWC relationship is close to those in the other studies when LWC < 0.4 g m⁻³ (Fig. 2b).