Graphical Abstract

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Takemura, K. and H. Mukougawa, 2022: A new perspective of Pacific–Japan pattern: Estimated percentage of the cases triggered by Rossby wave breaking. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 100, 115-139.
https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2022-006
Graphical Abstract Published

Plain Language Summary: This study quantitatively examined a relative importance of Rossby wave breaking (RWB) east of Japan to a formation of the Pacific–Japan (PJ) pattern compared with that of tropical atmospheric and oceanographic conditions. Cases of the positive/negative PJ patterns are firstly classified into those with and without the RWB occurrence, which are referred to as WB/PJ+/– and ZN/PJ+/–, respectively. The main findings obtained in this study are summarized as follows.

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Highlights:

• Cases of the positive PJ pattern triggered by the RWB account for approximately 20% of the whole cases of the positive PJ pattern.
• Composite of the positive PJ pattern with the presence of RWB shows that the RWB promotes the formation of the PJ pattern through the equatorward intrusion of high PV air.
• The formation of the PJ pattern with the absence of RWB are closely associated with tropical sea surface temperature anomalies and phase of the boreal summer intra-seasonal oscillation, illuminating “pure” tropical impacts on the formation of the PJ pattern.