Graphical Abstract

Tochimoto, E., and T. Kawano, 2017: Numerical investigation of development processes of Baiu frontal depressions. Part Ⅱ： An idealized study. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 95, 217-237.
https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2017-012 Graphical Abstract with highlights

To obtain generalized perspective of the development processes of BFDs in the western part of the Baiu frontal zone (W-BFDs) and those in the eastern part of the zone (E-BFDs), idealized numerical simulations with zonally homogeneous basic fields are conducted.
The idealized simulations successfully reproduce a realistic W-BFD and E-BFD. The W-BFD has a slightly westward-tilted vertical structure, which is modulated by latent heating at low levels of the atmosphere. In contrast, the E-BFD has a westward-tilted structure through the troposphere, which is similar to the well-known baroclinic wave structure.
The W-BFD has a mechanism mainly driven by latent heating yielding strong convection, while the E-BFD develops through baroclinic instability in moist atmosphere.